Thursday, April 23, 2020 | View in browser

Good morning.

We’re covering the growing realization that the coronavirus was spreading in the U.S. earlier than known and the ouster of a top government scientist. In non-virus news, we’re looking ahead to tonight’s N.F.L. draft.

By Chris Stanford

An expanded timeline of the virus’s spread

The discovery that a woman in the California Bay Area died of the coronavirus on Feb. 6 has rewritten the timeline of the outbreak’s early spread in the U.S. and raises new questions about where the virus might have been spreading undetected.

Gov. Gavin Newsom of California said on Wednesday that people investigating the early origins of the virus were looking at coroner and autopsy reports going back to December in some counties.

Separately, researchers at Northeastern University in Boston have determined that the virus was probably already spreading in several U.S. cities in early February, when the world was focused on China.

Here are the latest updates from the U.S. and from around the world, as well as maps of the pandemic.

In other developments:

■ Dr. Rick Bright, who led the federal agency involved in developing a coronavirus vaccine, said he was removed from his post after he pressed for rigorous vetting of hydroxychloroquine, an anti-malaria drug promoted by President Trump. Fox News hosts have recently stopped talking about the drug, as studies and health experts have increasingly questioned its effectiveness.

■ Senator Mitch McConnell said states should consider the possibility of filing for bankruptcy rather than expecting more federal aid. After dropping a measure that would have allowed members of Congress to vote remotely, lawmakers are gathering in Washington today to vote on a $484 billion coronavirus package.

■ The number of childhood immunizations has fallen sharply during the pandemic, putting millions at risk for measles, whooping cough and other life-threatening illnesses.

■ Two cats in New York State became the first pets in the U.S. to test positive for the virus, officials said. The results do not mean that cats can pass the illness to people. The two animals are expected to recover.

The Times is providing free access to much of our coronavirus coverage, and our Coronavirus Briefing newsletter — like all of our newsletters — is free. Please consider supporting our journalism with a subscription.

The cold calculations of reopening

Our chief White House correspondent, Peter Baker, writes: “Until there is a vaccine or a cure for the coronavirus, the macabre truth is that any plan to begin restoring public life invariably means trading away some lives. The question is how far will leaders go to keep it to a minimum.”

After society largely shut down, the 60,000 projected virus-related deaths in the U.S. is far lower than earlier estimates. But remaining closed is not without cost: The Labor Department is expected to report today that millions of people lost their jobs for the fifth straight week. Here are the latest financial updates.

Related: President Trump said on Wednesday that he disagreed with Gov. Brian Kemp of Georgia, who is allowing some businesses to reopen this week. “I think it’s too soon,” Mr. Trump said.

Another angle: Many of those who have filed for unemployment benefits are set to receive more money than they would have typically been paid in their jobs, thanks to the additional $600 a week set aside in the federal stimulus package.

Waiting for meals in New Delhi, where daily-wage workers with little or no social safety net say hunger is a more immediate threat than the coronavirus. Rebecca Conway for The New York Times

‘Instead of coronavirus, the hunger will kill us’

Lockdowns are drying up work and incomes around the globe, leaving millions to worry about having enough to eat. The World Food Program estimates that 265 million people could be pushed to the brink of starvation by the end of the year, which would double the number of people facing acute hunger.

The crisis is caused by many factors, experts say, including the sudden loss of income for millions who were already living hand-to-mouth; the collapse in oil prices; currency shortages from the loss of tourism; and overseas workers not having earnings to send home.

“The coronavirus has been anything but a great equalizer,” said a volunteer food worker in a Kenyan slum, where a giveaway of flour and cooking oil set off a fatal stampede. “It’s been the great revealer, pulling the curtain back on the class divide and exposing how deeply unequal this country is.”

Another angle: The pandemic is threatening to explode in Afghanistan, a country struggling after nearly two decades of war.

If you have 5 minutes, this is worth it

A date across closed borders

Emile Ducke for The New York Times

Above, Karsten Tüchsen Hansen, 89, and Inga Rasmussen, 85, at the border between Germany and Denmark. He cycles from the German side; she drives from the Danish side.

The couple have met every day since the police closed the border to contain the coronavirus, maintaining a modicum of social distance while keeping their romance alive.

Love, Mr. Tüchsen Hansen says, “is the best thing in the world.”

Here’s what else is happening

Deadly tornadoes: At least four people were killed as storms ripped through Oklahoma and Texas on Wednesday.

Tensions with Iran: Tehran launched what it called its first “military satellite,” hours before President Trump said he had ordered the Navy to “shoot down” any Iranian boats that harass Navy warships.

Robert Presutti for The New York Times

Snapshot: Above, two nuns at the Phoka Nunnery of St. Nino in the country of Georgia. The photojournalist Robert Presutti visited the convent, which is housed in a restored 11th-century church, and his report is the latest in our Travel section series “The World Through a Lens.”

N.F.L. draft preview: The Cincinnati Bengals are expected to select Joe Burrow, L.S.U.’s Heisman Trophy-winning quarterback, with the first pick tonight. Here’s what to watch for when the draft begins at 8 p.m. Eastern.

Late-night comedy: Noting the 50th anniversary of Earth Day, Jimmy Fallon said, “You can tell Earth Day turned 50 because earlier today, Earth changed its hairstyle and bought a Corvette.”

What we’re reading: Outside magazine’s look at a volcanic eruption in New Zealand. Elisabeth Goodridge, our deputy travel editor, calls it “a well-written, thoroughly reported and very, very gripping read, which shines a light on the risks of adventure tourism and the question of who’s responsible when disaster strikes.”

Now, a break from the news

Andrew Scrivani for The New York Times

Cook: Meatballs work with almost any ground meat, including vegetarian substitutes. Once you master the basics, you can change the seasonings for variety.

Listen: There’s a new Lucinda Williams album on Friday, “Good Souls, Better Angels.” And Anthony Tommasini makes the case for Leroy Anderson, “the unrivaled master of the light orchestral miniature.”

Cope: Fashion always finds a way. Vanessa Friedman writes about masks as fashion statements. Then join us, virtually, for some guided meditation, outside in nature. Finally, an exercise brief for older adults.

We have more ideas about what to read, cook, watch and do while staying safe at home.

And now for the Back Story on …

A rewritten virus timeline

A coronavirus-related death in California on Feb. 6 has raised questions about the timeline of the U.S. outbreak, which is by far the world’s largest. To get a scientific view of the implications, we spoke to Carl Zimmer, a science reporter, Times columnist and author of “A Planet of Viruses.”

What do we know about the timing of the virus’s arrival in the U.S.?

The virus itself jumped from bats into humans in Asia, most likely China. Then there’s the outbreak in Wuhan, picking up speed in December. Then it’s in Europe, probably in early January.

Studies of samples of virus from New York showed that the vast majority belonged to lineages introduced from Europe and probably arrived early to mid-February. You can see this from minor but telltale mutations in their genes that act like a signature. What the New York viruses are most similar to is not the viruses in Italy, but viruses in England, in France, in Belgium. It looks like a lot of viruses were moving around in Europe, and some were brought to the United States.

The evidence from California indicates it was arriving there by early or mid-January.

Dr. Sara Cody, the director of the Santa Clara County, Calif., public health department, speaking at a news conference in February. Anda Chu/Bay Area News Group, via Associated Press

Could the virus have been circulating in California even earlier?

Scientists don’t believe Covid was raging in California in November. Looking at virus genes, they can see it was just getting started around then in Wuhan. They don’t see the kind of hospitalizations in California you’d see if it were taking off. We know what it’s like when Covid-19 takes off, and it was not happening in November.

What are you looking for next?

In the autopsy for the Feb. 6 case, all they needed to find to confirm that this person had Covid-19 was some fragments of the virus’s genes.

If you really want to know more, you need the whole genome — all the genetic material in the virus. Then, looking at the mutations, you can see where the virus came from, and you can start getting some guesses about how it got there.

But we’re dealing here with a deceased person. The virus in their remains is breaking down.

Still, it’s possible that scientists may be able to extract enough virus to put the genome back together. I’m hoping for that.

That’s it for this briefing. See you next time.

— Chris

Thank you
To Melissa Clark for the recipe, and to Theodore Kim and Jahaan Singh for the rest of the break from the news. Andrea Kannapell, the Briefings editor, wrote today’s Back Story. You can reach the team at briefing@nytimes.com.

P.S.
• We’re listening to “The Daily.” Today’s episode is about the release of thousands of inmates during the coronavirus outbreak.
• Here’s today’s Mini Crossword, and a clue: Soft French cheese (four letters). You can find all our puzzles here.
• Priya Parker, the host of the new Times podcast “Together Apart,” and our critic Amanda Hess will discuss virtual gatherings during a free call with readers today at 12:30 p.m. Eastern. R.S.V.P. here.